Teacher question: In the current era of readily available teacher-created materials through open marketplaces, and given the critical importance of print materials for beginning readers—particularly for multilingual learners and students with disabilities—what does current research indicate are the best practices regarding the optimal amounts of extraneous visuals to truly support their literacy development effectively?   Shanahan responds: I hope most teachers are not spending a lot of time “creating” instructional materials. Some do, of course, but they t...